Better Explained is a fabulous website authored by Kalid Azad whose goal it is to "share hard-won 'a ha!' moments in clear and simple language" for mathematics. His tagline: "Learn Right, Not Rote."
PurpleMath is a terrific website with an exhaustive set of lessons on all levels of algebra.
Steve Strogatz, a math professor at Cornell, writes an ongoing wonderful commentary for the online version of the New York Times about all aspects of mathematics, presented in an incredibly clear and insightful way. His 15 part series Elements of Math ran from January to May 2010.
The Wolfram Demonstrations Project is a tremendous resource. Folks from around the world have contributed a huge number of applets that visually demonstrate mathematical principles using the Mathematica program. You don't need to own Mathematica, you can download a free player. They also have a wonderful Education Portal.
Brightstorm also has videos, and some fill gaps in the Khan Academy collection. They have nicely organized videos by course: Algebra I, Geometry, Algebra II, Trigonometry, Pre-Calculus, and Calculus. Each course section has over 100 videos. The videos are thorough, and are taught on screen by math teachers. Unlike the Khan Academy Brightstorm is for-profit, so there are ads you need to sit through and a subscription model for step by step solutions. They also make money by selling online test prep services, which are separate from the classroom videos.
Vi Hart is a brilliant young musician/mathematics fan who (among many incredibly creative endeavors) has produced a series of short, fascinating speed videos of her "doodles" in math class and how they explore interesting math properties. These are REALLY cool.
Paul Dawkins is a math professor at Lamar University. He has put all of his lecture notes online. The notes cover algebra and calculus. One highlight are his "cheat sheets" for algebra, trigonometry, and calculus among others. These sheets are "need to know" reductions of the key formulas and concepts of each course for quick review.
Kuta Software sells a series of great "Infinite" programs that generate unlimited numbers of unique practice worksheets and tests for a huge number of topics in Pre-Algebra, Algebra I, Algebra II, and Geometry. You can purchase one or more of the packages, or they also have some free pre-generated samples you can download for many of the topics.
mathteachertools.com has a simple, but excellent and free pdf practice worksheet generator for a reasonable breadth of Algebra I and Algebra II topics.
math101.com is a very helpful site for step by step breakdown of user inputted problems including derivatives, integrals, function graphs, and many other functions. Derivatives and most other tools free, integrals very nominal charge.
Keith Devlin, mathematics professor, author, and NPR's "Math Guy" writes a blog for the Mathematical Association of America (MAA) called Devlin's Angle. Very interesting, he has a strong opinion on many issues with excellent insights. If you enjoy Devlin's Angle, here is an index of other blogs/RSS feeds on the MAA site.
The BBC's Radio 4 has aggregated all of their highly entertaining math education shows (hosted by terrific mathematicians) on one index page.
Norman Koch and Dr. Denise Meeks have provided an online Spanish/English and English/Spanish dictionary of mathematics terms that is free for non-commercial distribution. You can view the original online version, or I have created a searchable pdf of the English/Spanish version you can download.
The Story of 1, originally a BBC Documentary that is now available as streaming video on Google Video, is an entertaining story of 1, from the first Sumerians to the code breaking binary computer at Bletchley Park. Excellent for showing to a class (just under an hour).
Oragami has been used to help teach Geometry. Martin and Erik Demaine are a father/son team at MIT that explores the connection between origami and mathematics. They were featured in the fantastic documentary film Between the Folds, with other artists and educators. The Unversity of Tennessee has put together an index of Origami/Math Education links.